We found that at least four types of programmed necrosis including necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos are simultaneously involved in retinal IR. Our RNA-seq data revealed the rapid development of ischemic pathology in the retina during the first 24 h after reperfusion. To this end, we used a mouse model of retinal IR and a variety of approaches including RNA-seq data analysis. Since there are many types of programmed necrosis, it is important to identify those involved in retinal IR to determine the correct treatment. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that programmed necrosis makes a significant contribution to inflammation and retinal damage triggered by IR. Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is implicated in a large array of pathological conditions in the retina. Support from ophthalmology organization to address LGBTQ+-, gender- and age-related work-place discrimination may decrease burnout.
LGBTQ+ orientation is a burnout risk factor among ophthalmologists, and LGBTQ+ workplace discrimination may be a contributing factor. Multivariable analysis identified significant risk factors for higher personal and work-related burnout scores: LGBTQ+ (11.8 and 11.1, P =. The personal and work-related burnout scores and confidence limits of those identified as LGBTQ+ were higher and non-overlapping than those reported as non-LGBTQ+. Approximately 12% had witnessed or experienced LGBTQ+-related workplace discrimination or harassment. Overall, 13.2% of participants identified as LGBTQ+, 98.2% as cisgender. Univariable data analysis (linear) by sexual orientation was performed and variables with association with p-value < 0.15 in univariable analysis were included in the multiple linear regression modeling.Ī total of 403 ophthalmologists participated in the survey, the majority self-identified as "White" (69.2%), were from North America (72.0% United States, 18.6% Canada), and were evenly distributed between age of 30 and 65 years.
To evaluate lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning and other sexual/gender minority (LGBTQ+) orientation as a burnout risk factor among an international ophthalmologist cohort.Īn anonymous, cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed via an internet platform to characterize the relationship between demographic factors, including LGBTQ+ orientation, and burnout as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI).
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